Midterm for History 17B: History U.S. 1800-1900

I am posting the midterm review for the midterm.

The midterm starts at 1:30pm(PDT) on Jun 24.

I will post the midterm questions when it opens.

The format of the exam will be about 50 multiple choices.

The Review is attached.

1). James Monroe 1816-24  –  the fifth president of the United States was? The name of Monroe’s home? Where is Monroe Buried?

Ashlawn

Hollywood Cemetery

Spain and the USA agreed to maintain a peaceful border – Florida and Georgia

Who sold Florida to the United States

Jackson in charge of the border issue

Seminole Indians – Spanish Fort – Fort St Mark

Raises the American Flag

Execution of British citizens

JQ Adams – Florida Purchase 15 million – Who is often considered the best secretary of state in a our history

Monroe Doctrine – for the first time the US asserted its power over the western hemisphere

US Foreign Policy was focused on free trade

Western Hemisphere – markets of South America

Colony exists to benefit the mother country

Great Britain – the sun never sets on the British empire –

1) lets ask the British to use their navy in cooperation with the United States to enforce a new policy of opening free trade in South America – a Monroe idea

JQ Adams has a different view

Why should we come into this like a little cock boat to the British? Instead we should be the ones to issue a statement telling the European powers they are no longer welcome in the Western Hemisphere

– But we don’t the have the military power to back up such a statement?

Adams, we don’t need to. Once we issue the policy, just watch, the British will line up with us.

Monroe Doctrine – the United States will no longer tolerate any intervention in the Western Hemisphere

Spain and Portugal, French?

The British Government concurs with the Monroe Doctrine

Go see the desk that was used by Monroe to write out the details of this doctrine – it is in the Monroe Museum in Fredericksburg Va

The United States felt like its playing a role of liberation for these nations, encouraging their own independence and revolution, and freedom.

South American nations see this as a US power play to gain control of their markets –

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1820

Missouri is ready to join the union –

Missouri will join as a slave state

Maine will also join the union as a free state

36 30 line – north of this line is free territory and south will be slave land

what did the free soil position state?
Free Soil Position – where slavery exists it can remain, and where it does not exist it will never exist

Abolitionist Position – slavery is evil, it is damned by God, and it will be killed.
Society of Friends, Quakers

Slave rights of the states must be protected and increased

Popular vote – let electors decide

Stephen Douglas

1824 – what did Jackson call the election of 1824?

JQ Adams – lost the popular vote but made a deal with Clay. You support me and I will make you sec of state

Andrew Jackson – he won the popular vote but lost

dueler

Electors pass the election off to Congress

Jackson felt he should be win – based on the fact that he had won

The Corrupt Bargain – election of 1824

1828 Adams vs Jackson

White House Party

Jackson is the founder of today’s Democratic party

Donkey

Whig party emerges in resistance to Jackson

King Andrew

The Hero

Common Man

Veto for political purpose

Henry Clay’s bill for the Maysville road was given the veto – “i forbid it”

Georgia – Cherokee treaty land which the federal government had recognized as belonging to the Indian nation in 1797

gold

Worchester vs Georgia case –

John Marshal – increased the power of the court – The Great Chief Justice

rules in favor of the Indians and agrees with Worchester – the state of Georgia, no state, has the authority to ignore a treaty entered into by the federal government

What was Jackson’s reaction in the Worchester decision?  John Marshal has made his decision, now lets see him enforce it

Trail of Tears

death march to Oklahoma

Common Man – he did feel that you did not need wealth to vote, you did not need college to have a government job

Declared war on the national bank

1828 – I will kill the bank

Like Jefferson, Jackson did not like the national bank. Did he do anything about it?

Jackson removed the gold on deposit in the national bank to redeposit it into smaller state banks

state banks? Pet banks

Land, slavery, entrance into the union of future states,

Manifest Destiny – led to war against Mexico
the idea that God in his manifest obvious desires for the nation had destined the nation to expand and take land from Mexico

Emerson called this blasphemy

James K Polk won the election – What was Polk’s campaign promise?

1844 with the slogan 54 40 or fight

War against the British if they do not give us more of the land in the pacific north west

Rather than 54 40, what is the boundary today between the USA and Canada?

49^th parallel is the boundary

War with Mexico 1846 to 1848

Polk’s war – Mexico has shed blood on American soil

Lincoln show me the spot? Introduced a resolution to investigate the spot, and got the nick name Old Spotty

Emerson – The United States will win its war against Mexico and it will be like the man who swallows poison, it will kill the body

Thoreau – author of Walden’s pond – protested the war by refusing to pay his tax

He was sent to jail

Emerson visited him, “henry, why are you in Jail?”

Henry, ‘Ralph, why aren’t you in jail?”

Mexican Cession – 15 million

Free Soil

Popular sovereignty

Kansas Nebraska Act

John Brown – wages of sin is death –

Potawatomie creek massacre

Lawrence Kansas

Senator Charles Sumner – Crime against Kansas

Kansas is bleeding

Ban on rifles being imported into Kansas

Beecher’s Bibles
what was a Beecher Bible?

Preston Brooks – Bully Brooks –

Attack of Sumner on the Senate Floor
canes were later sent to Brooks – “hit em again”

Dred Scott Decision

Judge Taney – Chief Justice

did your stay on free soil make you a free man

no it did not

 these are all talking points that the court brought up in the case – and all of them were dismissed

The Court, Taney, took Scott’s points and made fun of them …. Scott argument was I am a man, I was on free soil, I should have been at that time a free man, because the laws of the nation declared it so

are you a man

because you are not a man, you are property, like my horse

do the laws of the United States apply to you

the laws do not apply to you, they are written for the citizens of the country, not for the property held in the nation

Did your stay on free land make you a free man

Why did the court bother with the case? What was the significance,

Judicial Review

When Congress passed the Compromise of 1820 they did something that was not Constitutional – we are a nation under one law, not several laws –

Lincoln hates the decision – says he will fight to have it reversed

Douglass say he supports the decision

1860 in this election Lincoln was not on any Southern ballots

Republican Lincoln

Democrats – ran three different potential people –

Douglas, Breckinridge, Bell

Start of the Civil War

CSA – Jefferson Davis

Varina Davis, the first lady of the South, his wife, she said when news came to my husband that he had been elected President of the CSA, he took the news

Like a man who had been given a death sentence

First talk to the nation he attempts to assure the south he will do

Nothing to their property – he has no intention of interfering with

Their rights – no more so than any president in the past –

Lincoln attempts to appease the South, he tells them this question of Civil War is in their hands, not his – this is the first mention of civil war – we must not be at war, we must be brothers

What was one of the first mistakes the south made

South will vacate power entirely from the federal government

Southern Senator – Andrew Johnson – remained in the Senate

In the election of 1864 Lincoln ran against McClellan and Johnson was made VP to Lincoln

Republicans control and dominate all national federal politics – 1860 to 1865 and then Johnson the southern democrat became President because the republicans put him there

CSA – from scratch begin to create a new government –

Jefferson Davis – who was the president of the CSA

Who was the first lady of the CSA – Varina Davis

Richmond VA – create their own Constitution – where was the capitol of the CSA

Key difference between the Constitution – the Federal Constitution – 1787

Said nothing directly about slavery, never mentioned the word slavery

True or False, today southern republican conservatives  can correctly  claim  with historical validity that the civil war was never about slavery – false

CSA Constitution – Affirms the rights of slave holders, they use the word slave and slaves

They clearly state that all future states that join the CSA will also have their slave rights protected

The myth of the lost cause –

Statutes we see today are part of the lost  cause story –

To the south this was a noble cause – not a slave based cause

Who was the general that gave Lincoln the most trouble

Robert E Lee – General of the Army of Virginia – I understand the generals that Lincoln sends. What I fear is the day he sends a general I do not understand. After 1863 with the fall of Vicksburg in the South, and after the battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln sends Grant to fight Lee

Lee’s greatest enemy was Lincoln

Lee “I do not understand this man. He fights and loses a battle yet he attacks the next day as though he were the one who won the battle”

Grant knew it had to be total war.

Battle of the Wilderness,

The first shot of the Civil War

Fort Sumter 1861 – Charleston South Carolina

Edmund Ruffin fired the first shot – was attacked for 34 hours and no one was killed

Go to SF and see Fort Point –

The bloodiest war in our history had a bloodless beginning

Battle of First Manassas – 26 miles outside of DC

Manassas is near Fairfax Virginia – Army of the Potomac camped in Fairfax

First battle of Bull Run

CSA victory

General Thomas Jackson – Stone Wall

General Bee “there stands Jackson like a stone wall, lets rally around the Virginians”

First civilian casualty of the war will be Judith Henry

South was a confused by its victory as the norths was by its defeat

This was not going to be a fast war, an easy war, — it would be a long hard war

Battle of Antietam – the single bloodiest day in American military history

General McClellan has told Lincoln he has all he needs to whip Bobby Lee

HE Had acquired intelligence – he had in his possession

What were Orders 191

In Lee’s own hand – these orders had been found on a dead confederate courier

McClellan did little to prepare –

Confederate name is the Battle of Sharpsburg

Union victory is declared – McClellan did repulse Lee in this day long battle

Lee will retreat after the battle

You won a battle, but you could have won the war

McClellan – I kept them from invading our country

Lincoln, General you do not understand, this is all our country.

Lincoln – If the General is not going to use the army, I would like to borrow them for awhile

Bloodiest single day battle in US national history

Lincoln changed from a position of saving the Union –

“if I can save the union by freeing the slaves, I will do that. If I can save the union by doing nothing about the slaves, I will do that. If I can save the Union by freeing some slaves and leaving others alone, I will do that.”

After Antietam the President issued the

Emancipation Proclamation

Any states still in rebellion on the first day of the new year will lose its property

Slaves will be contraband

Any state loyal to the union may keep their slaves

Lincoln hears many complaints about Grant

He drinks and smokes too much

I can not spare this man, he fights. Find out what kind of whiskey he drinks and send a barrel of it to all my generals

Grant was never drunk in battle or in command of a battle – or in the planning of a battle

War will end when

Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomatox 1865

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