bio 130 exam 2

Things to review and be able to answer:What functional groups are important for making biomolecules?What is a carbohydrate? What is its ratio and general formula?What 2 groups of carbohydrates are there (based on size/linkages)?What are 3 kinds of polysaccharides and what organisms can you find each in?What important roles (more than 1) do lipids have in living organisms?What physical/chemical property do lipids display that makes them unique?Where can you find lipids in a cell?What is the purpose of DNA in a cell? What is it (ultimately) used to make?What are 4 types (groups) of Lipids?What makes phospholipids unique in terms of their chemistry? What physical property do they display?What cell structure are phospholipids important in the formation of?What part of a triglyceride determines whether it is solid or liquid at room temp? What about its structure changes to make it solid or liquid?What is the most hydrophobic of all lipids?What are 2 kinds of steroids and where can they be found in cells?What is the 3 parts structure of DNA, and what larger structure do 2 strands of DNA form?What is the purpose of DNA in a cell? What is it used to make?What jobs do proteins have in living organisms?What is a protein composed of ?What is the basic structure of an amino acid (how many parts does it have, and list them)?How many amino acids are there in total, and how many are essential? What does essential mean?What is the endomemebrane system? What organelles does it include? List all of them and their basic function.What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts? Can you find both in all eukaryotic cells? If no, where are they located?What are the big differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Be able to list at least 3 differencesDifferences between plant and animal cells, know at least 3 differences.What does the cytoskeleton do? What 3 elements does it contain? What do microfilaments do besides provide structure for a cell?What specialized structures do microtubules form for locomotion of cells?What is the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic cells?What organelles show evidence of endosymbiosis?Give 2 pieces of evidence for endosymbiosis of eukaryotic organelles.What biomolecules make up the composition of cell membranes?What 2 types of lipids are most abundant in membranes?What role do proteins play in membranes (at least 3)?What kinds of molecules can pass through a membrane unaided (using diffusion)?What kinds of molecules can’t make it through a membrane unaided?What is a gradient? What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?What happens to a cell in each of the following situations: isotonic solution, hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution? Be able to draw a picture of a cell in each situation and label concentrations of solutes and movement of water.What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?What is the reason for active transport in cells? What does this type of transport ultimately create?What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?What are the 2 forms of endocytosis and what is the difference between them?What kinds of materials are transported into and out of cells through endo and exocytosis?What is the relationship between homeostasis and transport of materials in cells?What is energy? What is work?What are the 2 types of energy that exist?Give a real life example of both types of energy in living systems

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